INTRODUCTION:
Angina, known as angina pectoris, is chest pain which occurs due to lack of blood flow to the muscles of heart.

DEFINITION:
It’s defined as “chest pain due to less supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, causing severe pain characterized by a feeling of pressure and suffocation behind the breastbone.
CLASSIFICATION:
- Stable angina:- Also known as ‘effort angina’, associated by few activities such as running, walking, etc.
- Unstable angina:-“crescendo angina”. It’s three features:
- occurs at rest, last >10 minutes
- severe, within 4–6 weeks
- more severe, it’s prolonged.
- Microvascular angina:- Characterized by angina-like chest pain.
ETIOLOGY:
1 Anemia
2. Abnormal heart rhythms
3. DM
4. Heart failure
5. Smoking
6. Physical inactivity
7. Obesity
8. Stress
9. HTN
10. Dyslipidemia
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
- chest discomfort (heaviness, tightness, choking sensation)
- burning
- pain (epigastric region, back, neck, jaw, shoulders)
- dyspnoea
- nausea, vomiting
- perspiration
- anxiety
DIAGNOSIS:
Angina should be suspected in people presenting tight, dull, or heavy chest discomfort that is:-
- pain especially on left-side which radiates to the left arm, neck, jaw, back.
- Precipitated by cold weather.
- ECG: at the time of pain, depression/elevation of ST-segment observed.
- TMT
- HTN
- pulse rate
- Coronary angiogram
- CABG.
TREATMENT:
- Administer O2
- Nitroglycerin
- Aspirin to be administered
- Propranolol/ Metoprolol: to reduce the heart rate and blood pressure
- Morphine sulfate
- Calcium channel blockers
- Sodium channel blocker
Patient care:
- Evaluate: Cardiopulmonary status
- Monitor: pain pattern OPQRST (onset, provocation, quality, region, radiation, referral, severity, time)
- electrocardiogram
- A health care provider should accompany the patient throughout the process of treatment, as well as must provide emotional support
- encourage patient to stop smoking
- maintain body weight
- to lower cholesterol level
- keep blood glucose under control
- limit the intake of salt
- exercise (walking, gardening, or swimming every day) .